Showing posts with label 12th grade. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 12th grade. Show all posts

Friday, May 15, 2009

El alacrán de fray Gómez

written by Ricardo Palma
[I] pp. 134 – 142

There was an expression, so the narrator says, that ¡Esto vale tanto como el alacrán de fray Gómez! (135). How did this expression come about? From a miracle-working priest friar named Gómez…

I
He was born religious and worked in a hospital as a youth. But more importantly, he performs miracles and thought nothing about them. For example, a horseback rider fell to the ground, and everyone was already calling for the moribund holy oils to be put on him. Fray Gómez walks over, puts his cord in his mouth, and says three prayers. The man walks away as if nothing had happened. He was to be put on shoulders and paraded about, but he snuck away. As to the validity of the event, Yo ni lo niego ni lo afirmo. Puede que sí y puede que no (137).

In another instance, San Francisco Solano has no appetite. After a while, he says the only thing he would eat was un par de pejerreyes (138), half-jokingly. Fray Gómez has some up his sleeve, which he gives to San Francisco Solano. And it cured his broken appetite.

On his tombstone, it says, fue su vida un continuo milagro (138).

II
A traveling salesman approaches fray Gómez in his room. He says he is a good, hard worker, but lacks money for his business. He comes asking for a loan; with it, his business would prosper. The man’s faith believes that the friar can find him some money, even though the friar is not allowed to have any. The friar takes a scorpion, puts it into paper, and tells the man to sell it. When he does, it emerges with magnificent emeralds and rubies for its eyes. The man sells it for less than offered and gets the money he needs. His business prospers; he buys and returns the scorpion. The fray takes the scorpion and puts it on the window where it continues to walk, as it had before.

Thursday, May 14, 2009

Las medias rojas

written by Emilia Pardo Bazán
[I] 69 - 74

Summary:
It is a sad story of the reality of the Spanish life. It includes realismo (la representación objective de la sociedad y costumbres y la efecta de la historia y el ambiente en las personas) and libre albedrío (de hacer lo que quiere hacer).

It begins with the the rapaza Ildara who lives with her father, tío Claudio. She is a hard worker who works as a prostitute under Claudio, but she is saving up to go to the United States. She buys red stockings – a symbol of hope – and takes pride in the beauty of her face, her means of salvation. With her beauty, she can make money for herself; her face and beauty is her dream for America. Y tanto más defendía su belleza, hoy que se acercaba el momento de fundar en ella un sueño de porvenir (72). Unfortunately, Claudio, drunk, begins to beat her. He slugs her across the face and makes a tooth fall out. She becomes a tuerta. Her life and her hope dies, because los que allá, han de ir sanos, válidos, y las mujeres, con sus ojos alumbrando y sus dentadura completa ... (74)

Themes:
-desafío y perseverancia: la tenacidad individual ante los retos de la vida
-la crítica social y política
-la decadencia del orden establecido y el descontrol
-los cuentos del siglo XX

Wednesday, May 13, 2009

San Manuel Bueno, mártir

written by Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo

[II] 438 - 487


Summary:

Told by Ángela Carballino. Raised in a religious household and town, a firm believer in the Catholic religion. She lives in a village Valverde de Lucerna, situated between a beautiful lake and a solitary mountain.

 

Her brother Lazaro wants her to be educated in a big city, away from the crude town so she is sent outside of the village to a larger city. Everyone here knows about Don Manuel. His presence draws her back to her village where she becomes a personal assistant of sort for him. He is all about caring for his people, and they cling to him, and his magnificent voice, as an anchor, especially Blasillo, a mentally disabled man who hangs on his every word, representing the blind faith of the town. Don Manuel greatly disliked being idle, alone with his own thoughts.

Lázaro returns from the Americas rich and with strong feelings of progressivism: he is dismissive of religion and anything associated with it. He is determined to move his family to a larger and more progressive city. However, when his mother dies, her greatest wish is for him to convert for her, and just before she dies he promises to pray for her. This brings him into greater contact with Don Manuel and Lázaro realizes he is not like other priests. He eventually decides to convert to Christianity, or at least that is what he tells the town, and enters into the orbit of Don Manuel. He never misses a mass, and becomes a disciple of sorts to Don Manuel. The day of his baptizing however he confronts Angela with the fact that neither he nor Don Manuel believe in resurrection,and both are unsure as to what happens after death, although Don Manuel claims at times to believe that a person dies completely, he is fairly uncertain and vague at others. Don Manuel does know that his religion is the consoling of others, and nurturing the belief in an afterlife in his followers brings them consolation, which is why he will never tell them the truth.

 

Don Manuel is tormented by the possibility, and indeed as he sees it the probability, that there is no life after death, and lives in constant conflict with himself and with the prospect of suicide. The philosophy he follows, to which Lázaro has been converted, is that the non-existence of an afterlife must be hidden to others at all costs so that they may live a happy life. Lázaro argues that Don Manuel is a saint not because of his unwavering belief in Christianity, an organization Lázaro continues to see as outdated, but because he sacrifices his life for the happiness of others (there are continual allusions to Don Manuel's Jesus-like qualities).

 

Don Manuel’s physical health gradually worsens; on the day of his death he admits that God exists, but because he has seen God's face he cannot be admitted to the promise land (allusion to Moses). He wants Angela to continue praying for all people, and to keep her faith, which she is able to do even though her spiritual advisor can not. Then he is taken to the church where he gives one final sermon, begging that the people continue to live a peaceful and happy life, and continue on with their faith. Then they begin to pray, and as the reach the point in the Creed that talks about resurrection and life after death, Don Manuel passes, with Blasillo at his side.

Lázaro dies soon after, following his teacher. Only Ángela is left, and even she is not sure if she retains faith in Christianity. She writes a testament of the events that occurred in the town then hides them. The preceding chapters we discover are that testament. She alone knew the truth behind Don Manuel, and she feels the need to capture it in some way, but she is unsure what to do with this truth.

 

Unamuno then becomes the narrator. Angela had given him her story and he chose to publish it. He feels actions speak louder than words and the truth wouldn’t change anyone’s mind.


Symbolism:

Lake = Don Manuel, tranquil appearance but a lot of unknown turmoil beneath the surface, cannot blindly accept the idea of an afterlife like the rest of the town which is shown when the snow does not stick to the lake’s surface


Mountain = townspeople, everything is exposed, accept the idea of an afterlife which is shown when the snow sticks to the mountain


Themes:

-existentialism

-idea of reality versus dreams

-el engaño y el desengaño, la honra y la deshonra

-la fe y la razón, la justicia divina y la vida

-la prosa peninsular desde el Medioevo hasta el siglo XX

 

Translation:

http://teachers.ausd.net/classlink/getfile.ausd?fileid=56285


[erin b.]

Thursday, April 16, 2009

El hijo

written by Horacio Quiroga
[I] 16-27

Summary:
On the day the father finally feels at ease letting his son go out into the woods alone, the son goes with his gun to hunt at 9 AM. He promises to return at noon. The father meanwhile continues to wander about the house; he is at ease, but not completely, as his son is his whole entire life.

He then has illusions that his son has died, but these are quickly dismissed. At around 10 AM, the father hears a shot in the forest, and thinks (hopefully) that his son has killed something. Noon arrives, then 12:30 PM …

The father leaves to look for his son. He yells out for his son, continually losing hope. He meets up with his son and talks with him …

But his son is just an illusion – the son died from a hunter’s trap. Sonríe de alucinada felicidad ... Pues ese padre va solo […] su hijo bien amado yace al sol, muerto desde las diez de la mañana (23).

The story reflects the dark, tragic life Quiroga lived. He, a pessimist, believed that we do not have control when we are fighting nature.

Themes:
-la decadencia del orden establecido y el descontrol
-la tenue línea entre lo real y lo ilusorio
-los cuentos del siglo XX

Wednesday, April 15, 2009

Vuelva Ud. mañana

written by Mariano José de Larra
[II] 421 – 437

Summary:
In short, this story is a critique on the Spanish society of the time. It is losing its superpower status and is in a conflict between progressivism and traditionalism. Anyways, the story begins with a statement of theme: [la pereza] cerrerá las puertas del cielo a más de un critiano (422).

A stranger visits the narrator, a Spanish writer. The critique begins when the visitor says he believed all Spanish were gentlemen – something disproven by the horde of robbers he met. The visitor, Monsieur San-delai, then states his purpose: he is traveling to Madrid to prove his family identification, to claim his inheritance, to invest in Spain, and to visit Madrid. He proposes a reasonable schedule that is 15 days long. The narrator just laughs at the visitor’s naivety of Spanish life.

They go to the genealogist, and are met by their first (of many) “Vuelva Ud. mañana”s. The genealogist always has something to do: he has to take a break, he is about to leave, he as to go to the bullfight. Sin embargo, nunca encontraba momento oportuno para trabajar (427). This slowness is the way of life; everybody takes their time. The shoe maker, the ironer, the sombrero maker all need more time off.

When they bring the Monsieur’s documents to an office worker (which took a couple of days to even see him), the worker is too lazy to look for the documents. Instead, he says they were sent to another office. They travel around, only to discover that the documents were with the first office worker. The Monsieur becomes angry; the narrator just says la pereza es la verdadera intriga […] es más fácil negar las cosas que enterase de ellas (431). When the Monsiuer tries to invest money, he is declined because of Spanish arrogance: foreigners cannot invest. Out of frustration and advice from the narrator, the Monsieur departs.

The narrator then says that he is no exception! It took him many days and way too much effort, but he finally finished it, because he decided not to be so lazy. Da gracias a que llegó por fin este mañana, que no es del todo malo; pero ¡Ay de aquel mañana que no ha de llegar jamás! (436)

Translation:


Themes:
-la crítica social y política
-la prosa peninsular desde el Medioevo hasta el siglo XX

Sunday, April 5, 2009

El delantal blanco

written by Sergio Vodanovic
[II] 239 - 261

Summary:
Este cuento se trata del clasismo de una mujer en la sociedad. En la play están la señora con su hijo Alvarito, y la empleada. La señora se da cuenta de que su hijo, con 4 años tiene mucho control, y es dominante en la playa. Aunque destruye el castillo de arena de una niña pequeña, la madre no hace nada. La empleada lo describe como un peleador. En la playa, la señora lleva un blusón de toalla y el traje de baño. La empleada lleva un delatal blanco como uniforme.

La señora luego explica que está cansada de estar en la playa, porque su marido no ha llegado, y todas sus amigas ya han vuelto a casa. Esto demuestra que la señora no tiene una buena realción con su marido y solo se ha casado con él por el dinero.

Luego la señora se da cuenta de que la criada esta muy blanca, y la criada explica que es de no estar en el sol. También la señora se burla de la revista porque tiene a gente famosa que hacen el ridículo. También quiere que la criada vijile a Alvarito. En un momento son amigas, y en otro a la señora solo le interesan las aparencias.

La señora tampoco entiende mucho de la vida del campo porque piensa que lo tenían todo muy facil. No entiende que para vivir, se ha de trabajar, y por eso se ha marchado la criada. Tiene una vista muy arrogante. Le dice que es mejor que no se case porque ahora ya tiene todo lo que necisita, menor criaturas.

La señora se burla de los de la revista porque no cree que son de aristocracia verdadera por sus aparencias. Van todos vestidos mal. La señora cree que la aristocracia viene natualmente, como su hijo con sus mandatos, y la ropa.

La señora dice que cuando se cambia de ropa, el mundo se ve de una perspectiva totalmente diferente. Le pregunta a la empleada como se siente ella en su ropa, y la criada dice que igual que la arena, o las nubes, porque todos son blancos. Luego la señora le manda que se cambien de ropa. La señora se pone el delantal blanco, y la empleada se pone el bañador con el blusón. La criada empieza a cuidarse se sus uñas y se pone gafas de sol, actuando como una señora de verdad. La señora se enfada un poco, cuando la empleada le manda que ella misma cuide de Alvarito. Luego la señora se enfada con la empleada por tratarla de esa manera, y empieza una pelea. La gente de la playa se llevan a la señora de verdad, pensando que es la empleada, y un viejo se acerca a la empleada y le dice que es la culpa del comunismo que los empleados se portan así. Al final del cuento, la empleada hace er que ahora ella es la madre de Alvarito.

Translation:

Themes:
-el desdoblamiento y la dualidad de ser
-la crítica social y política
-la libertad y la soberanía individual y colectiva
-el teatro satírico y sociopolítico hispanoamericano

Esto demuestra que las aparencias si que cambian a la persona. Cambiando de ropa hace que la empleada se transforme en la señora, y la señora en la empleada. La gente de la playa también miran a la gente por la ropa que tienen.

[sandra]

Romance de Conde Arnaldos

written by Anónimo
[I] pp. 314 - 316

Summary:
El conde Arnaldos se encuentra al lado del mar porque quiere tener una aventura. Como es el 24 de Junio, día de San Juan, el conde sabe que es el día mas largo con la noche mas corta. En este día, pueden pasar cosas muy extrañas. El conde también quiere cazar. Luego encuentra a un marinero en una barca y canta una canción que hace que los pájaros paren de volar, que los peces suban a la superficie del mar, y que el viento se disminuya. Va contra la naturaleza. El conde quiere que el marinero le enseñe la canción. El conde dice que si la quiere aprender, pue que se vaya con el. Esto puede ser un símbolo de la muerte.

Notes:
-personajes: el narrador, el conde, el marinero
-el romance tiene 8 sílabas en cada verso
-rima asonante
-versos pares
-número de versos es infinito
-origen de España
-es un romance lírico porque es misterioso, y una canción

Themes:
-la poesía: el romance

[sandra]

Romance de la pérdida de Alhama (Ay de mi Alhama)

written by Anónimo
[I] 310 - 313

Summary:
El narrador no quiere creed que su ciudad ha estado destruída. Se monta en su caballo y va al catillo para explicar al rey lo que ha pasado. Luego suena la trompeta para llamar a todo el pueblo y explicar las noticias. Cuando el narrador dice “!Ay de mi Alhama!” demuestra los sentimientos de todo el pueblo. Esta frase repite para dar énfasis y el tono de tristeza en el pueblo. La segunda voz es un moro viejo, que pregunta porque el rey ha llamado al pueblo. La tercera voz es la del rey, que explica que los cristianos han ganado la ciudad de Alhama. La cuarta voz es el alfaquí, que respeta al rey. El rey explica que han matado a una familia mora, que representa una flor, y el corazón de los moros.

Notes:
-personajes: el alfaquí, el rey, el moro, el narrador
-el moro trae noticias de que los cristianos y los moros están luchando
-es un romance fronterizo: demuestra emociones y es histórico
-el romance tiene 8 sílabas en cada verso
-rima asonante
-versos pares
-número de versos es infinito
-Origen de España
-Tiene un narrador que demusetra emociones del público y explica lo que pasa
-De a veces tiene estribillo (repite al final de cada estrofa)
-Escrito de forma lírica para que los juglares pudieran acordarse de dar las noticias.

Themes:
-éxtasis y epifanías
-la crítica social y política
-la poesía: el romance

[sandra]

Sunday, March 29, 2009

El Sur

written by Jorge Luis Borges
[I] pp. 143 - 154

Summary:
Juan Dahlmann is a man of two heritages, his parents heralding from Argentina and Germany, and that he is a bookkeeper. But this really isn't that important. What is important, though, is that Dahlmann has a farm in the South of Argentina that he wants to settle in.

One day in February 1939, something hit Dahlmann on the head while he was walking with the book One Thousand and One Nights. He walks back to his room, where a fever and some nightmares overtake him. He is taken to the hospital, un sanatorio, where he has surgery and endures great pain, both physically and psychologically. All he wants to do is go to his farm.

After noticing symmetries between his time before and after his hospital stay, Dahlmann takes a trip to the South of Buenos Aires. He sees a cat, and realizes that he doesn't know where he is: aquel contacto era ilusorio (147).

He goes to the train station where he boards the train, happy to be alive after his ordeal. He observes nature, eats, lives, and feels. He takes a nap, and dreams, before again realizing that perhaps he is not going to his farm: la soledad era perfecta y tal vez hostil, y Dahlmann pudo sospechar que viajaba al pasado y o sólo al Sur (149). Dahlmann then gets kicked off the train.

A series of parallels between the two worlds then emerge: the loud cafeteria, the customer who looks like a hopsital employee, a light brush on his face. He then decides to read his book, but others laugh at him. Then a compadrito from the rowdy crowd approaches him with a large dagger, and they are about to fight. Perhaps this is a way for Dahlmann to come to terms with his pain: Era como si el Sur hubiera resuelto que Dahlmann aceptara el duelo (153). He wants to fight, but is unable. Fortunately, the compadrito leaves, and Dahlmann leaves towards his farm, towards El Sur.

The story is somewhat autobiographical, and is a good example of desdoblamiento. The reader is left with a large degree of ambiguity in what is real and what is fake.

Translation:
http://www.akirarabelais.com/borges/elsur.html

Themes:
-el desdoblamiento y la dualidad de ser
-la tenue línea entre lo real y lo ilusorio
-el cuento fantástico del siglo XIX y del siglo XX

Thursday, March 26, 2009

Rima LIII: “Volverán las oscuras golondrinas”

written by Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer
[I] pp. 359 - 360

Summary:
Swallows will always return, but the familiar ones won’t. The ivy will always creep and bloom, but the familiar ones covered in dew won’t. Likewise, the woman will always return words, but will never return passion or mutual adoration. The broad events will always happen, so it’s those fleeting, specific moments that matter. So appreciate what you have had and what you do have.

Devices:
Bécquer uses anaphora in “Volverán” and the estribillo “ésas … ¡no volverán!” to get the main idea of the poem in the reader’s head. He also uses personification, hyperbaton, a simile (“como lágrimas del día…”), and, at the end, an apostrophe.

Themes:
-carpe diem y memento mori: el tiempo y sus mudanzas
-ganar y perder en el juego de amor: la passion entre el hombre y la mujer
-poesía romantic y modernista del siglo XIX

Rima XI: “Yo soy ardiente, yo soy morena”

written by Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer
[I] pp. 358

Summary:
Bécquer’s poem talks about the tragic search for love. The poet rejects the first woman, la morena, then la rubia in favor of una fantasma, an impossible love. He chases a love he cannot have and rejects the ones he can.

Devices:
He uses an estribillo of “¿A mí me __? – No __.” and anaphora of “yo soy.” He also uses a metaphor in “yo soy un sueño” and hyperbaton. It has rima consonante in los versos impares and is written in first person. It has four voices.

Themes:
-poesía romántica y modernista del siglo XIX

Rima IV: “No digáis que agotado su tesoro” (habrá poesía)

written by Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer
[I] pp. 356 - 358

Summary:
Bécquer talks about the eternity of poetry. As long as there is nature (waves, clouds, springtime, etc.), sciences (the sea’s abysses, more mysteries, etc.), human emotions (happiness, clashing minds, etc.), and love (kissing, beautiful women, etc.), habrá poesía. As long has humanity exists, poetry will, too – poetry lives within humanity. Poetry is immortal.

Devices:
He uses, most importantly, the estribillo “¡habrá poesía!” to continually remind the reader of the theme. The poem is also una silva, or has four line stanzas with 11, 7, 11, 7 syllables. It has anaphora of “mientras” in los versos impares, apostrophe in “no digáis,” and personification in “mientras el corazón y la cabeza batallando prosigan.” It is written in third person with rima asonante.

Themes:
-éxtasis y epifanías
-poesía romántica y modernista del siglo XIX

El Conde Lucanor

Ejemplo XXXV. ("Lo que sucedió a un mozo que casó con una mujer muy fuerte y muy brava”)
written by El infante don Juan Manuel
[II] pp. 268 - 275

Summary:
El conde pide a Patronio por consejos sobre su criado. El criado quiere casarse con una mujer brava y rica -- es un idea bueno? (¿Es el criado como el mancebo moro?)

El mancebo quiere casarse con una mujer rica. Quiere subir de su clase baja; no puede hacer lo que quiere sin dinero. Primero el padre de la mujer dice "no," pero después el padre del mancebo habla con el padre de la mujer. Ellos hablan ("Si casen, no podemos ser amigos"), y el mancebo y la mujer se casan. Los parientes, como dice la tradicción, los quedan en casa hasta el proximo día. El hombre les pide agua al perro, gato, y caballo -- los corta y despedeza. (El hombre está haciendo un punto a su esposa nueva.) Le pide agua a su mujer. Lo hace la mujer. Y después, los parientes lo admiran al hombre porque puede controlar su esposa brava. Despues, el suegro de la mujer trata de hacer lo mismo de matar un gallo. No tiene el mismo éxito porque ella conoce a el.

La morale? Las impresiones primeras son tan importantes.

Si al comienzo no muestras quién eres,
Nunca podrás después cuando quisieres.
(275)

Translation:
http://antinous.tripod.com/mujerbrava.html

Themes:
-desafío y perseverancia: la tenacidad individual ante los retos de la vida
-el machismo, la lucha por el poder entre los sexos
-ganar y perder en el juego de amor: la passion entre el hombre y la mujer
-lecciones de la vida y el repudio del error
-la prosa peninsular desde el Medioevo hasta el siglo XX